6 Types of Tick-Borne Disease in Cats – Michael Kearley, DVM | Veterinarian Guide

What Is Tick-Borne Disease in Cats?

Most people are familiar with Lyme disease, and some may have even experienced it themselves. What many cat owners don’t realize is that Lyme disease, along with several other illnesses, can also affect cats. These illnesses are spread through tick bites and are collectively known as tick-borne diseases.

Ticks are found throughout the United States, and their bites can lead to skin infections, anemia, and even tick paralysis, which is a life-threatening condition in cats.

Common Types of Tick-Borne Diseases in Cats

Cats are at risk for several different tick-borne diseases. The six most common include Lyme disease, Hepatozoonosis, Tularemia, Babesiosis, Cytauxzoonosis, and Anaplasmosis. Some of these are rare, but others can also infect humans, making them a public health concern. Tularemia, for example, is zoonotic and must be reported to local health authorities if diagnosed.

Symptoms of Tick-Borne Diseases in Cats

Clinical signs usually appear a few weeks after a tick bite. Cats may develop fever, loss of appetite, joint pain, swelling, lameness, weight loss, and lethargy. In more severe cases, anemia, jaundice, pale gums, or bleeding may occur. Owners may also notice irritation and redness at the bite site, changes in vocalization, difficulty swallowing, or weakness that begins in the hind legs and progresses forward. This condition, known as tick paralysis, can quickly become life-threatening.

Causes of Tick-Borne Diseases in Cats

Not all tick species are equally dangerous, but several are known to cause significant disease in cats. The most concerning species include the Brown Dog Tick, Black-Legged (Deer) Tick, American Dog Tick, and Lone Star Tick. These ticks transmit bacteria, protozoa, and other pathogens into the cat’s bloodstream, leading to serious illness.

How Veterinarians Diagnose Tick-Borne Disease

Veterinarians start with a physical examination and a history of tick prevention use. Diagnostic tests may include bloodwork, urinalysis, X-rays, and PCR or antibody testing to detect specific organisms. In some cases, fluid samples from organs or joints may be analyzed. If a tick is removed directly from the cat, it can also be examined for pathogens. Regular monthly tick checks are strongly recommended.

Treatment for Tick-Borne Disease in Cats

Treatment usually involves a two- to four-week course of antibiotics, with doxycycline being the most commonly prescribed. Supportive care such as IV fluids, anti-inflammatory medications, pain relief, blood transfusions, and appetite stimulants may also be necessary depending on the severity of the disease. Currently, there is no approved vaccine available for cats.

Recovery and Long-Term Management

The prognosis depends on the specific disease and how advanced it is at the time of diagnosis. While some conditions like Tularemia and Cytauxzoonosis can be fatal if left untreated, many cats recover well with timely treatment. However, cats may remain carriers of the disease and may require ongoing monitoring for complications such as kidney damage.

Preventing Tick-Borne Diseases in Cats

Prevention is the most effective way to protect cats from tick-borne illnesses. Options include sprays, topical medications, tablets, dips, and collars. Year-round protection is recommended, and the best method should be chosen with guidance from a veterinarian. Preventing tick exposure not only protects cats but also reduces the risk of transmission to people in the household.

Frequently Asked Questions

What diseases can cats get from ticks?

Cats can contract several illnesses including Cytauxzoonosis, Tularemia, Lyme disease, and Anaplasmosis.

Can a tick make a cat sick?

Yes. In addition to transmitting diseases, ticks can cause anemia, skin irritation, infections, and the potentially fatal condition known as tick paralysis.

What symptoms do ticks cause in cats?

Typical symptoms include redness and itching at the bite site, along with systemic signs such as fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, and lameness.